The Appearance of Woman
All research to date on body image shows that women are much more critical of their appearance than men－much less likely to admire what they see in the mirror. Up to 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection, and more than half may see a distorted image.
Men looking in the mirror are more likely to be either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men generally have a much more positive body image than women－if anything, they may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance.
Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged on their appearance more than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded with images of the "ideal" face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anything short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated that young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.
Also, most women are trying to achieve the impossible: standards of female beauty have in fact become progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 1917, the physically perfect woman was about 5ft 4in tall and weighed nearly 10 stone. Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average woman, now they weigh 23% less. The current media ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female population－and thats just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., its probably more like 1%.
36. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.
A. explain a phenomenon
B. compare two facts
C. make a suggestion
D. strengthen a current theory
37. The difference between men and women when they look into the mirror is that _______.
A. women stay longer before the mirror than men
B. women feel more comfortable about their appearance than men
C. women, more than men, come away from the mirror feeling unsatisfied
D. womens looks before the mirror appear more distorted than mens
38. The phrase "bombarded with" （Para. 3.could best be replaced by _______.
A. denied
B. doubtful of
C. very proud of
D. influenced by
39. Which of the following can be inferred about the physically perfect woman in 1917? _______.
A. She was not very much different from the average woman
B. She was hardly achievable by the female population
C. She looked into the mirror more often than women today
D. She was regarded perfect only in terms of her face
40. Todays perfect woman is achievable, in terms of every physical aspect, by which of the following percentage of the female population? _______.
A. 23
B. 8
C. 5
D. 1
3.第4部分：阅读理解 第一篇
Water
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts （干旱） are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world－if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation （灌溉） water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions （凹地） and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
31. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? ________.
A. Only half of the worlds water can be used.
B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C. Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.
D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
32. As indicated in the passage, the water problem ________.
A. is already serious in certain parts of the world
B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
33. According to the author, the water price should ________.
A. be reduced to the minimum
B. stimulate domestic demand
C. correspond to its real value
D. take into account the occurrences of droughts
34. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to ________.
A. build big lakes to store water
B. construct big pumping stations
C. build small and cheap irrigation systems
D. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
35. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ________.
A. guarantee full protection of the environment
B. centralize the management of water resources
C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels
D. encourage local and regional control of water resources
4.第4部分：阅读理解 第二篇
The Appearance of Woman
All research to date on body image shows that women are much more critical of their appearance than men－much less likely to admire what they see in the mirror. Up to 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection, and more than half may see a distorted image.
Men looking in the mirror are more likely to be either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men generally have a much more positive body image than women－if anything, they may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance.
Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged on their appearance more than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded with images of the "ideal" face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anything short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated that young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.
Also, most women are trying to achieve the impossible: standards of female beauty have in fact become progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 1917, the physically perfect woman was about 5ft 4in tall and weighed nearly 10 stone. Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average woman, now they weigh 23% less. The current media ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female population－and thats just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., its probably more like 1%.
36. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.
A. explain a phenomenon
B. compare two facts
C. make a suggestion
D. strengthen a current theory
37. The difference between men and women when they look into the mirror is that _______.
A. women stay longer before the mirror than men
B. women feel more comfortable about their appearance than men
C. women, more than men, come away from the mirror feeling unsatisfied
D. womens looks before the mirror appear more distorted than mens
38. The phrase "bombarded with" （Para. 3.could best be replaced by _______.
A. denied
B. doubtful of
C. very proud of
D. influenced by
39. Which of the following can be inferred about the physically perfect woman in 1917? _______.
A. She was not very much different from the average woman
B. She was hardly achievable by the female population
C. She looked into the mirror more often than women today
D. She was regarded perfect only in terms of her face
40. Todays perfect woman is achievable, in terms of every physical aspect, by which of the following percentage of the female population? _______.
A. 23
B. 8
C. 5
D. 1
3.第4部分：阅读理解 第一篇
Water
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts （干旱） are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world－if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation （灌溉） water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions （凹地） and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
31. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? ________.
A. Only half of the worlds water can be used.
B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C. Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.
D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
32. As indicated in the passage, the water problem ________.
A. is already serious in certain parts of the world
B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
33. According to the author, the water price should ________.
A. be reduced to the minimum
B. stimulate domestic demand
C. correspond to its real value
D. take into account the occurrences of droughts
34. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to ________.
A. build big lakes to store water
B. construct big pumping stations
C. build small and cheap irrigation systems
D. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
35. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ________.
A. guarantee full protection of the environment
B. centralize the management of water resources
C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels
D. encourage local and regional control of water resources
4.第4部分：阅读理解 第二篇
The Appearance of Woman
All research to date on body image shows that women are much more critical of their appearance than men－much less likely to admire what they see in the mirror. Up to 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection, and more than half may see a distorted image.
Men looking in the mirror are more likely to be either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men generally have a much more positive body image than women－if anything, they may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance.
Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged on their appearance more than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded with images of the "ideal" face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anything short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated that young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.
Also, most women are trying to achieve the impossible: standards of female beauty have in fact become progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 1917, the physically perfect woman was about 5ft 4in tall and weighed nearly 10 stone. Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average woman, now they weigh 23% less. The current media ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female population－and thats just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., its probably more like 1%.
36. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.
A. explain a phenomenon
B. compare two facts
C. make a suggestion
D. strengthen a current theory
37. The difference between men and women when they look into the mirror is that _______.
A. women stay longer before the mirror than men
B. women feel more comfortable about their appearance than men
C. women, more than men, come away from the mirror feeling unsatisfied
D. womens looks before the mirror appear more distorted than mens
38. The phrase "bombarded with" （Para. 3.could best be replaced by _______.
A. denied
B. doubtful of
C. very proud of
D. influenced by
39. Which of the following can be inferred about the physically perfect woman in 1917? _______.
A. She was not very much different from the average woman
B. She was hardly achievable by the female population
C. She looked into the mirror more often than women today
D. She was regarded perfect only in terms of her face
40. Todays perfect woman is achievable, in terms of every physical aspect, by which of the following percentage of the female population? _______.
A. 23
B. 8
C. 5
D. 1
3.第4部分：阅读理解 第一篇
Water
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts （干旱） are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world－if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation （灌溉） water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions （凹地） and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
31. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? ________.
A. Only half of the worlds water can be used.
B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C. Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.
D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
32. As indicated in the passage, the water problem ________.
A. is already serious in certain parts of the world
B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
33. According to the author, the water price should ________.
A. be reduced to the minimum
B. stimulate domestic demand
C. correspond to its real value
D. take into account the occurrences of droughts
34. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to ________.
A. build big lakes to store water
B. construct big pumping stations
C. build small and cheap irrigation systems
D. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
35. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ________.
A. guarantee full protection of the environment
B. centralize the management of water resources
C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels
D. encourage local and regional control of water resources
4.第4部分：阅读理解 第二篇
The Appearance of Woman
All research to date on body image shows that women are much more critical of their appearance than men－much less likely to admire what they see in the mirror. Up to 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection, and more than half may see a distorted image.
Men looking in the mirror are more likely to be either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men generally have a much more positive body image than women－if anything, they may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance.
Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged on their appearance more than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded with images of the "ideal" face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anything short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated that young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.
Also, most women are trying to achieve the impossible: standards of female beauty have in fact become progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 1917, the physically perfect woman was about 5ft 4in tall and weighed nearly 10 stone. Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average woman, now they weigh 23% less. The current media ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female population－and thats just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., its probably more like 1%.
36. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.
A. explain a phenomenon
B. compare two facts
C. make a suggestion
D. strengthen a current theory
37. The difference between men and women when they look into the mirror is that _______.
A. women stay longer before the mirror than men
B. women feel more comfortable about their appearance than men
C. women, more than men, come away from the mirror feeling unsatisfied
D. womens looks before the mirror appear more distorted than mens
38. The phrase "bombarded with" （Para. 3.could best be replaced by _______.
A. denied
B. doubtful of
C. very proud of
D. influenced by
39. Which of the following can be inferred about the physically perfect woman in 1917? _______.
A. She was not very much different from the average woman
B. She was hardly achievable by the female population
C. She looked into the mirror more often than women today
D. She was regarded perfect only in terms of her face
40. Todays perfect woman is achievable, in terms of every physical aspect, by which of the following percentage of the female population? _______.
A. 23
B. 8
C. 5
D. 1
5.第4部分：阅读理解 第三篇
Language
Language is and should be a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less precise. A vivacious, colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness①. The kind of slovenliness in which some professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin② to the cult③ of the unfinished work, which has eroded most of the arts in our time. And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline. You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter.
The corruption of written English has been accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken English. We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen generation or two ago.
The modern theatre has played a baneful part in dimming our appreciation of language. Instead of the immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw （who was also very insistent off good pronunciation）, audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate trivia④, often designed, only too well, to exhibit "lack of communication", and larded with the obscenities and grammatical errors of the intellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech." Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons in how to speak badly, so that she should fit in better.
But the BBC is the worst traitor. After years of very successfully helping to raise the general standard of spoken English, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the pronunciation unit coyly put it: "In the 1960s the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to the latest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbal squalor⑤. And the prospect seems to be of even worse to come. School teachers are actively encouraged to ignore little Johnnys incoherent grammar, atrocious spelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such things might inhibit his creative genius.
Notes：
①slovenliness n. 不修边幅，马虎
②akin a. 同族的，相似的
③cult n. 崇拜
④trivia n. 琐事
⑤squalor n. 肮脏；悲惨
41. The writer relates linguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that both_________.
A. occasionally aim at a certain degree of fluidity
B. from time to time show concern for the finishing touch
C. appear to shun perfection
D. may make use of economical short cuts
42. What does the writer say has happened to spoken English today? ___________.
A. Writing problems are not reflected in poor oral expression.
B. On the whole, people dont mind making mistakes.
C. Educated Englishmen now are less communicative than they were in the past.
D. Like written English, it has undergone a noticeable change for the better.
43. What effect is the modern theatre said to have had on language? ___________.
A. It has become an important factor in reform.
B. It has made us more aware of subtleties in language.
C. It has exerted a welcome and positive influence.
D. It has had a ruinous effect.
44. The author says that the dialogue in Shaws plays is noted for___________.
A. refined presentation of Shaws ideas
B. remarkable outspokenness
C. being outstandingly well expressed
D. insistence on good pronunciation
45. Many modern plays, the author finds, contain speeches which___________.
A. are incoherent and linguistically objectionable
B. are far too difficult for most people to follow
C. unintentionally shock the audience
D. deliberately try to hide the playwrights intellectual inadequacies
6.第5部分：补全短文
Moon Exploration
Many people wonder why some men want to live on the moon. （46） _______. It is a silent place, where the weather is hot and sunny or cold and dark. Its surface is dull and almost colourless. There are no lakes, rivers, or plants to provide beauty. （47） _______. Astronauts on the moon certainly miss the comfort of life on earth. But man has always moved to new frontiers. Every pioneer in a new land has faced danger and hardship.
Some scientists hope that continued work will be done on the moon. Many experiments will be done there more easily. （48） _______. Matter can be heated to very high temperatures without chemical change when it is in a vacuum. Air, dust, and clouds cannot block mans view of space from the mood. The very high or very low temperatures and low gravity on the moon will be used for many experiments. One very important use of the moon will be to launch spacecraft.
Man might be able to learn much about his own body by living on the moon. （49） _______. Man would be in control of the community of life in which he lives. Bacteria could be removed from the air in this community.
Gravity is one thing that would not be under mans control. Some scientists believe the low gravity of the moon would be healthful for man. The heart would not have to work so hard. The body would need less energy to move than it does on the earth. （50） _______. Much exercise would probably be needed to keep the body in good condition.
A. He would be living in a habitat that he made for himself.
B. However, the human body might change during long stays on the moon.
C. But man cannot live there happily and comfortably.
D. It is probably not the kind of place where most men would choose to live.
E. A simple walk on the moons surface is filled with danger.
F. Some large experiments are very easy to do in a vacuum.
7.第6部分：完形填空
Radiation
Space is a （51） ______ place, not only because of meteors but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again （52） ______ our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is （53） ______ for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. （54） ______ kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are （55） ______ to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.
Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have （56） ______ to think that a man can （57） ______ far more radiation than 0.1 rem （58） ______ being damaged; the figure of 60 reins has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage－a person may feel perfectly （59） ______, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be （60） ______, and this will not be discovered （61） ______ the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated a large amount of rems. （62） ______, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite （63） ______. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to （64） ______ the damage done by radiation, but no really （65） ______ ones have been found so far.
Notes：
①meteor n. 流星
②deformed a. 畸形的
51. A. interesting B. dangerous C. safe D. mysterious
52. A. acts as B. is used C. become D. grow
53. A. essential B. pleasant C. critical D. dependent
54. A. All B. Various C. Many D. Much
55. A. harmed B. protected C. exposed D. covered
56. A. reason B. already C. explanation D. excuse
57. A. deal with B. put up with C. cope with D. absorb
58. A. with B. before C. when D. without
59. A. bad B. sick C. well D. safe
60. A. burnt B. damaged C. hurt D. destroyed
61. A. until B. before C. after D. while
62. A. So far B. Now C. However D. But
63. A. long B. difficult C. short D. challenging
64. A. increase B. fall C. solve D. decrease
65. A. effective B. efficient C. reliable D. trustful
5.第4部分：阅读理解 第三篇
Language
Language is and should be a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less precise. A vivacious, colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness①. The kind of slovenliness in which some professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin② to the cult③ of the unfinished work, which has eroded most of the arts in our time. And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline. You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter.
The corruption of written English has been accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken English. We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen generation or two ago.
The modern theatre has played a baneful part in dimming our appreciation of language. Instead of the immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw （who was also very insistent off good pronunciation）, audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate trivia④, often designed, only too well, to exhibit "lack of communication", and larded with the obscenities and grammatical errors of the intellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech." Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons in how to speak badly, so that she should fit in better.
But the BBC is the worst traitor. After years of very successfully helping to raise the general standard of spoken English, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the pronunciation unit coyly put it: "In the 1960s the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to the latest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbal squalor⑤. And the prospect seems to be of even worse to come. School teachers are actively encouraged to ignore little Johnnys incoherent grammar, atrocious spelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such things might inhibit his creative genius.
Notes：
①slovenliness n. 不修边幅，马虎
②akin a. 同族的，相似的
③cult n. 崇拜
④trivia n. 琐事
⑤squalor n. 肮脏；悲惨
41. The writer relates linguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that both_________.
A. occasionally aim at a certain degree of fluidity
B. from time to time show concern for the finishing touch
C. appear to shun perfection
D. may make use of economical short cuts
42. What does the writer say has happened to spoken English today? ___________.
A. Writing problems are not reflected in poor oral expression.
B. On the whole, people dont mind making mistakes.
C. Educated Englishmen now are less communicative than they were in the past.
D. Like written English, it has undergone a noticeable change for the better.
43. What effect is the modern theatre said to have had on language? ___________.
A. It has become an important factor in reform.
B. It has made us more aware of subtleties in language.
C. It has exerted a welcome and positive influence.
D. It has had a ruinous effect.
44. The author says that the dialogue in Shaws plays is noted for___________.
A. refined presentation of Shaws ideas
B. remarkable outspokenness
C. being outstandingly well expressed
D. insistence on good pronunciation
45. Many modern plays, the author finds, contain speeches which___________.
A. are incoherent and linguistically objectionable
B. are far too difficult for most people to follow
C. unintentionally shock the audience
D. deliberately try to hide the playwrights intellectual inadequacies
6.第5部分：补全短文
Moon Exploration
Many people wonder why some men want to live on the moon. （46） _______. It is a silent place, where the weather is hot and sunny or cold and dark. Its surface is dull and almost colourless. There are no lakes, rivers, or plants to provide beauty. （47） _______. Astronauts on the moon certainly miss the comfort of life on earth. But man has always moved to new frontiers. Every pioneer in a new land has faced danger and hardship.
Some scientists hope that continued work will be done on the moon. Many experiments will be done there more easily. （48） _______. Matter can be heated to very high temperatures without chemical change when it is in a vacuum. Air, dust, and clouds cannot block mans view of space from the mood. The very high or very low temperatures and low gravity on the moon will be used for many experiments. One very important use of the moon will be to launch spacecraft.
Man might be able to learn much about his own body by living on the moon. （49） _______. Man would be in control of the community of life in which he lives. Bacteria could be removed from the air in this community.
Gravity is one thing that would not be under mans control. Some scientists believe the low gravity of the moon would be healthful for man. The heart would not have to work so hard. The body would need less energy to move than it does on the earth. （50） _______. Much exercise would probably be needed to keep the body in good condition.
A. He would be living in a habitat that he made for himself.
B. However, the human body might change during long stays on the moon.
C. But man cannot live there happily and comfortably.
D. It is probably not the kind of place where most men would choose to live.
E. A simple walk on the moons surface is filled with danger.
F. Some large experiments are very easy to do in a vacuum.
7.第6部分：完形填空
Radiation
Space is a （51） ______ place, not only because of meteors but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again （52） ______ our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is （53） ______ for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. （54） ______ kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are （55） ______ to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.
Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have （56） ______ to think that a man can （57） ______ far more radiation than 0.1 rem （58） ______ being damaged; the figure of 60 reins has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage－a person may feel perfectly （59） ______, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be （60） ______, and this will not be discovered （61） ______ the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated a large amount of rems. （62） ______, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite （63） ______. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to （64） ______ the damage done by radiation, but no really （65） ______ ones have been found so far.
Notes：
①meteor n. 流星
②deformed a. 畸形的
51. A. interesting B. dangerous C. safe D. mysterious
52. A. acts as B. is used C. become D. grow
53. A. essential B. pleasant C. critical D. dependent
54. A. All B. Various C. Many D. Much
55. A. harmed B. protected C. exposed D. covered
56. A. reason B. already C. explanation D. excuse
57. A. deal with B. put up with C. cope with D. absorb
58. A. with B. before C. when D. without
59. A. bad B. sick C. well D. safe
60. A. burnt B. damaged C. hurt D. destroyed
61. A. until B. before C. after D. while
62. A. So far B. Now C. However D. But
63. A. long B. difficult C. short D. challenging
64. A. increase B. fall C. solve D. decrease
65. A. effective B. efficient C. reliable D. trustful
3.第4部分：阅读理解 第一篇
Water
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts （干旱） are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world－if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation （灌溉） water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions （凹地） and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
31. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? ________.
A. Only half of the worlds water can be used.
B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C. Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.
D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
32. As indicated in the passage, the water problem ________.
A. is already serious in certain parts of the world
B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
33. According to the author, the water price should ________.
A. be reduced to the minimum
B. stimulate domestic demand
C. correspond to its real value
D. take into account the occurrences of droughts
34. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to ________.
A. build big lakes to store water
B. construct big pumping stations
C. build small and cheap irrigation systems
D. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
35. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ________.
A. guarantee full protection of the environment
B. centralize the management of water resources
C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels
D. encourage local and regional control of water resources
4.第4部分：阅读理解 第二篇
The Appearance of Woman
All research to date on body image shows that women are much more critical of their appearance than men－much less likely to admire what they see in the mirror. Up to 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection, and more than half may see a distorted image.
Men looking in the mirror are more likely to be either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men generally have a much more positive body image than women－if anything, they may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance.
Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged on their appearance more than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded with images of the "ideal" face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anything short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated that young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.
Also, most women are trying to achieve the impossible: standards of female beauty have in fact become progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 1917, the physically perfect woman was about 5ft 4in tall and weighed nearly 10 stone. Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average woman, now they weigh 23% less. The current media ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female population－and thats just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., its probably more like 1%.
36. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.
A. explain a phenomenon
B. compare two facts
C. make a suggestion
D. strengthen a current theory
37. The difference between men and women when they look into the mirror is that _______.
A. women stay longer before the mirror than men
B. women feel more comfortable about their appearance than men
C. women, more than men, come away from the mirror feeling unsatisfied
D. womens looks before the mirror appear more distorted than mens
38. The phrase "bombarded with" （Para. 3.could best be replaced by _______.
A. denied
B. doubtful of
C. very proud of
D. influenced by
39. Which of the following can be inferred about the physically perfect woman in 1917? _______.
A. She was not very much different from the average woman
B. She was hardly achievable by the female population
C. She looked into the mirror more often than women today
D. She was regarded perfect only in terms of her face
40. Todays perfect woman is achievable, in terms of every physical aspect, by which of the following percentage of the female population? _______.
A. 23
B. 8
C. 5
D. 1
3.第4部分：阅读理解 第一篇
Water
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts （干旱） are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world－if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation （灌溉） water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions （凹地） and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
31. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? ________.
A. Only half of the worlds water can be used.
B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C. Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.
D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
32. As indicated in the passage, the water problem ________.
A. is already serious in certain parts of the world
B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
33. According to the author, the water price should ________.
A. be reduced to the minimum
B. stimulate domestic demand
C. correspond to its real value
D. take into account the occurrences of droughts
34. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to ________.
A. build big lakes to store water
B. construct big pumping stations
C. build small and cheap irrigation systems
D. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
35. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ________.
A. guarantee full protection of the environment
B. centralize the management of water resources
C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels
D. encourage local and regional control of water resources
4.第4部分：阅读理解 第二篇
The Appearance of Woman
All research to date on body image shows that women are much more critical of their appearance than men－much less likely to admire what they see in the mirror. Up to 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection, and more than half may see a distorted image.
Men looking in the mirror are more likely to be either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men generally have a much more positive body image than women－if anything, they may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance.
Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged on their appearance more than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded with images of the "ideal" face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anything short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated that young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.
Also, most women are trying to achieve the impossible: standards of female beauty have in fact become progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 1917, the physically perfect woman was about 5ft 4in tall and weighed nearly 10 stone. Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average woman, now they weigh 23% less. The current media ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female population－and thats just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., its probably more like 1%.
36. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.
A. explain a phenomenon
B. compare two facts
C. make a suggestion
D. strengthen a current theory
37. The difference between men and women when they look into the mirror is that _______.
A. women stay longer before the mirror than men
B. women feel more comfortable about their appearance than men
C. women, more than men, come away from the mirror feeling unsatisfied
D. womens looks before the mirror appear more distorted than mens
38. The phrase "bombarded with" （Para. 3.could best be replaced by _______.
A. denied
B. doubtful of
C. very proud of
D. influenced by
39. Which of the following can be inferred about the physically perfect woman in 1917? _______.
A. She was not very much different from the average woman
B. She was hardly achievable by the female population
C. She looked into the mirror more often than women today
D. She was regarded perfect only in terms of her face
40. Todays perfect woman is achievable, in terms of every physical aspect, by which of the following percentage of the female population? _______.
A. 23
B. 8
C. 5
D. 1
3.第4部分：阅读理解 第一篇
Water
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts （干旱） are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world－if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation （灌溉） water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions （凹地） and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
31. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? ________.
A. Only half of the worlds water can be used.
B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C. Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.
D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
32. As indicated in the passage, the water problem ________.
A. is already serious in certain parts of the world
B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
33. According to the author, the water price should ________.
A. be reduced to the minimum
B. stimulate domestic demand
C. correspond to its real value
D. take into account the occurrences of droughts
34. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to ________.
A. build big lakes to store water
B. construct big pumping stations
C. build small and cheap irrigation systems
D. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
35. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ________.
A. guarantee full protection of the environment
B. centralize the management of water resources
C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels
D. encourage local and regional control of water resources
4.第4部分：阅读理解 第二篇
The Appearance of Woman
All research to date on body image shows that women are much more critical of their appearance than men－much less likely to admire what they see in the mirror. Up to 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection, and more than half may see a distorted image.
Men looking in the mirror are more likely to be either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men generally have a much more positive body image than women－if anything, they may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance.
Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged on their appearance more than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded with images of the "ideal" face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anything short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated that young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.
Also, most women are trying to achieve the impossible: standards of female beauty have in fact become progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 1917, the physically perfect woman was about 5ft 4in tall and weighed nearly 10 stone. Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average woman, now they weigh 23% less. The current media ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female population－and thats just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., its probably more like 1%.
36. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.
A. explain a phenomenon
B. compare two facts
C. make a suggestion
D. strengthen a current theory
37. The difference between men and women when they look into the mirror is that _______.
A. women stay longer before the mirror than men
B. women feel more comfortable about their appearance than men
C. women, more than men, come away from the mirror feeling unsatisfied
D. womens looks before the mirror appear more distorted than mens
38. The phrase "bombarded with" （Para. 3.could best be replaced by _______.
A. denied
B. doubtful of
C. very proud of
D. influenced by
39. Which of the following can be inferred about the physically perfect woman in 1917? _______.
A. She was not very much different from the average woman
B. She was hardly achievable by the female population
C. She looked into the mirror more often than women today
D. She was regarded perfect only in terms of her face
40. Todays perfect woman is achievable, in terms of every physical aspect, by which of the following percentage of the female population? _______.
A. 23
B. 8
C. 5
D. 1
3.第4部分：阅读理解 第一篇
Water
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts （干旱） are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world－if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation （灌溉） water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions （凹地） and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
31. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? ________.
A. Only half of the worlds water can be used.
B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C. Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.
D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
32. As indicated in the passage, the water problem ________.
A. is already serious in certain parts of the world
B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
33. According to the author, the water price should ________.
A. be reduced to the minimum
B. stimulate domestic demand
C. correspond to its real value
D. take into account the occurrences of droughts
34. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to ________.
A. build big lakes to store water
B. construct big pumping stations
C. build small and cheap irrigation systems
D. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
35. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ________.
A. guarantee full protection of the environment
B. centralize the management of water resources
C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels
D. encourage local and regional control of water resources
4.第4部分：阅读理解 第二篇
The Appearance of Woman
All research to date on body image shows that women are much more critical of their appearance than men－much less likely to admire what they see in the mirror. Up to 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection, and more than half may see a distorted image.
Men looking in the mirror are more likely to be either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men generally have a much more positive body image than women－if anything, they may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance.
Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged on their appearance more than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded with images of the "ideal" face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anything short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated that young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.
Also, most women are trying to achieve the impossible: standards of female beauty have in fact become progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 1917, the physically perfect woman was about 5ft 4in tall and weighed nearly 10 stone. Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average woman, now they weigh 23% less. The current media ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female population－and thats just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., its probably more like 1%.
36. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.
A. explain a phenomenon
B. compare two facts
C. make a suggestion
D. strengthen a current theory
37. The difference between men and women when they look into the mirror is that _______.
A. women stay longer before the mirror than men
B. women feel more comfortable about their appearance than men
C. women, more than men, come away from the mirror feeling unsatisfied
D. womens looks before the mirror appear more distorted than mens
38. The phrase "bombarded with" （Para. 3.could best be replaced by _______.
A. denied
B. doubtful of
C. very proud of
D. influenced by
39. Which of the following can be inferred about the physically perfect woman in 1917? _______.
A. She was not very much different from the average woman
B. She was hardly achievable by the female population
C. She looked into the mirror more often than women today
D. She was regarded perfect only in terms of her face
40. Todays perfect woman is achievable, in terms of every physical aspect, by which of the following percentage of the female population? _______.
A. 23
B. 8
C. 5
D. 1
5.第4部分：阅读理解 第三篇
Language
Language is and should be a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less precise. A vivacious, colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness①. The kind of slovenliness in which some professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin② to the cult③ of the unfinished work, which has eroded most of the arts in our time. And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline. You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter.
The corruption of written English has been accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken English. We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen generation or two ago.
The modern theatre has played a baneful part in dimming our appreciation of language. Instead of the immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw （who was also very insistent off good pronunciation）, audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate trivia④, often designed, only too well, to exhibit "lack of communication", and larded with the obscenities and grammatical errors of the intellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech." Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons in how to speak badly, so that she should fit in better.
But the BBC is the worst traitor. After years of very successfully helping to raise the general standard of spoken English, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the pronunciation unit coyly put it: "In the 1960s the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to the latest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbal squalor⑤. And the prospect seems to be of even worse to come. School teachers are actively encouraged to ignore little Johnnys incoherent grammar, atrocious spelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such things might inhibit his creative genius.
Notes：
①slovenliness n. 不修边幅，马虎
②akin a. 同族的，相似的
③cult n. 崇拜
④trivia n. 琐事
⑤squalor n. 肮脏；悲惨
41. The writer relates linguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that both_________.
A. occasionally aim at a certain degree of fluidity
B. from time to time show concern for the finishing touch
C. appear to shun perfection
D. may make use of economical short cuts
42. What does the writer say has happened to spoken English today? ___________.
A. Writing problems are not reflected in poor oral expression.
B. On the whole, people dont mind making mistakes.
C. Educated Englishmen now are less communicative than they were in the past.
D. Like written English, it has undergone a noticeable change for the better.
43. What effect is the modern theatre said to have had on language? ___________.
A. It has become an important factor in reform.
B. It has made us more aware of subtleties in language.
C. It has exerted a welcome and positive influence.
D. It has had a ruinous effect.
44. The author says that the dialogue in Shaws plays is noted for___________.
A. refined presentation of Shaws ideas
B. remarkable outspokenness
C. being outstandingly well expressed
D. insistence on good pronunciation
45. Many modern plays, the author finds, contain speeches which___________.
A. are incoherent and linguistically objectionable
B. are far too difficult for most people to follow
C. unintentionally shock the audience
D. deliberately try to hide the playwrights intellectual inadequacies
6.第5部分：补全短文
Moon Exploration
Many people wonder why some men want to live on the moon. （46） _______. It is a silent place, where the weather is hot and sunny or cold and dark. Its surface is dull and almost colourless. There are no lakes, rivers, or plants to provide beauty. （47） _______. Astronauts on the moon certainly miss the comfort of life on earth. But man has always moved to new frontiers. Every pioneer in a new land has faced danger and hardship.
Some scientists hope that continued work will be done on the moon. Many experiments will be done there more easily. （48） _______. Matter can be heated to very high temperatures without chemical change when it is in a vacuum. Air, dust, and clouds cannot block mans view of space from the mood. The very high or very low temperatures and low gravity on the moon will be used for many experiments. One very important use of the moon will be to launch spacecraft.
Man might be able to learn much about his own body by living on the moon. （49） _______. Man would be in control of the community of life in which he lives. Bacteria could be removed from the air in this community.
Gravity is one thing that would not be under mans control. Some scientists believe the low gravity of the moon would be healthful for man. The heart would not have to work so hard. The body would need less energy to move than it does on the earth. （50） _______. Much exercise would probably be needed to keep the body in good condition.
A. He would be living in a habitat that he made for himself.
B. However, the human body might change during long stays on the moon.
C. But man cannot live there happily and comfortably.
D. It is probably not the kind of place where most men would choose to live.
E. A simple walk on the moons surface is filled with danger.
F. Some large experiments are very easy to do in a vacuum.
7.第6部分：完形填空
Radiation
Space is a （51） ______ place, not only because of meteors but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again （52） ______ our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is （53） ______ for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. （54） ______ kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are （55） ______ to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.
Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have （56） ______ to think that a man can （57） ______ far more radiation than 0.1 rem （58） ______ being damaged; the figure of 60 reins has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage－a person may feel perfectly （59） ______, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be （60） ______, and this will not be discovered （61） ______ the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated a large amount of rems. （62） ______, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite （63） ______. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to （64） ______ the damage done by radiation, but no really （65） ______ ones have been found so far.
Notes：
①meteor n. 流星
②deformed a. 畸形的
51. A. interesting B. dangerous C. safe D. mysterious
52. A. acts as B. is used C. become D. grow
53. A. essential B. pleasant C. critical D. dependent
54. A. All B. Various C. Many D. Much
55. A. harmed B. protected C. exposed D. covered
56. A. reason B. already C. explanation D. excuse
57. A. deal with B. put up with C. cope with D. absorb
58. A. with B. before C. when D. without
59. A. bad B. sick C. well D. safe
60. A. burnt B. damaged C. hurt D. destroyed
61. A. until B. before C. after D. while
62. A. So far B. Now C. However D. But
63. A. long B. difficult C. short D. challenging
64. A. increase B. fall C. solve D. decrease
65. A. effective B. efficient C. reliable D. trustful
5.第4部分：阅读理解 第三篇
Language
Language is and should be a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less precise. A vivacious, colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness①. The kind of slovenliness in which some professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin② to the cult③ of the unfinished work, which has eroded most of the arts in our time. And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline. You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter.
The corruption of written English has been accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken English. We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen generation or two ago.
The modern theatre has played a baneful part in dimming our appreciation of language. Instead of the immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw （who was also very insistent off good pronunciation）, audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate trivia④, often designed, only too well, to exhibit "lack of communication", and larded with the obscenities and grammatical errors of the intellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech." Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons in how to speak badly, so that she should fit in better.
But the BBC is the worst traitor. After years of very successfully helping to raise the general standard of spoken English, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the pronunciation unit coyly put it: "In the 1960s the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to the latest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbal squalor⑤. And the prospect seems to be of even worse to come. School teachers are actively encouraged to ignore little Johnnys incoherent grammar, atrocious spelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such things might inhibit his creative genius.
Notes：
①slovenliness n. 不修边幅，马虎
②akin a. 同族的，相似的
③cult n. 崇拜
④trivia n. 琐事
⑤squalor n. 肮脏；悲惨
41. The writer relates linguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that both_________.
A. occasionally aim at a certain degree of fluidity
B. from time to time show concern for the finishing touch
C. appear to shun perfection
D. may make use of economical short cuts
42. What does the writer say has happened to spoken English today? ___________.
A. Writing problems are not reflected in poor oral expression.
B. On the whole, people dont mind making mistakes.
C. Educated Englishmen now are less communicative than they were in the past.
D. Like written English, it has undergone a noticeable change for the better.
43. What effect is the modern theatre said to have had on language? ___________.
A. It has become an important factor in reform.
B. It has made us more aware of subtleties in language.
C. It has exerted a welcome and positive influence.
D. It has had a ruinous effect.
44. The author says that the dialogue in Shaws plays is noted for___________.
A. refined presentation of Shaws ideas
B. remarkable outspokenness
C. being outstandingly well expressed
D. insistence on good pronunciation
45. Many modern plays, the author finds, contain speeches which___________.
A. are incoherent and linguistically objectionable
B. are far too difficult for most people to follow
C. unintentionally shock the audience
D. deliberately try to hide the playwrights intellectual inadequacies
6.第5部分：补全短文
Moon Exploration
Many people wonder why some men want to live on the moon. （46） _______. It is a silent place, where the weather is hot and sunny or cold and dark. Its surface is dull and almost colourless. There are no lakes, rivers, or plants to provide beauty. （47） _______. Astronauts on the moon certainly miss the comfort of life on earth. But man has always moved to new frontiers. Every pioneer in a new land has faced danger and hardship.
Some scientists hope that continued work will be done on the moon. Many experiments will be done there more easily. （48） _______. Matter can be heated to very high temperatures without chemical change when it is in a vacuum. Air, dust, and clouds cannot block mans view of space from the mood. The very high or very low temperatures and low gravity on the moon will be used for many experiments. One very important use of the moon will be to launch spacecraft.
Man might be able to learn much about his own body by living on the moon. （49） _______. Man would be in control of the community of life in which he lives. Bacteria could be removed from the air in this community.
Gravity is one thing that would not be under mans control. Some scientists believe the low gravity of the moon would be healthful for man. The heart would not have to work so hard. The body would need less energy to move than it does on the earth. （50） _______. Much exercise would probably be needed to keep the body in good condition.
A. He would be living in a habitat that he made for himself.
B. However, the human body might change during long stays on the moon.
C. But man cannot live there happily and comfortably.
D. It is probably not the kind of place where most men would choose to live.
E. A simple walk on the moons surface is filled with danger.
F. Some large experiments are very easy to do in a vacuum.
7.第6部分：完形填空
Radiation
Space is a （51） ______ place, not only because of meteors but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again （52） ______ our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is （53） ______ for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. （54） ______ kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are （55） ______ to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.
Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have （56） ______ to think that a man can （57） ______ far more radiation than 0.1 rem （58） ______ being damaged; the figure of 60 reins has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage－a person may feel perfectly （59） ______, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be （60） ______, and this will not be discovered （61） ______ the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated a large amount of rems. （62） ______, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite （63） ______. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to （64） ______ the damage done by radiation, but no really （65） ______ ones have been found so far.
Notes：
①meteor n. 流星
②deformed a. 畸形的
51. A. interesting B. dangerous C. safe D. mysterious
52. A. acts as B. is used C. become D. grow
53. A. essential B. pleasant C. critical D. dependent
54. A. All B. Various C. Many D. Much
55. A. harmed B. protected C. exposed D. covered
56. A. reason B. already C. explanation D. excuse
57. A. deal with B. put up with C. cope with D. absorb
58. A. with B. before C. when D. without
59. A. bad B. sick C. well D. safe
60. A. burnt B. damaged C. hurt D. destroyed
61. A. until B. before C. after D. while
62. A. So far B. Now C. However D. But
63. A. long B. difficult C. short D. challenging
64. A. increase B. fall C. solve D. decrease
65. A. effective B. efficient C. reliable D. trustful
3.第4部分：阅读理解 第一篇
Water
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts （干旱） are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world－if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation （灌溉） water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions （凹地） and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
31. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? ________.
A. Only half of the worlds water can be used.
B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C. Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.
D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
32. As indicated in the passage, the water problem ________.
A. is already serious in certain parts of the world
B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
33. According to the author, the water price should ________.
A. be reduced to the minimum
B. stimulate domestic demand
C. correspond to its real value
D. take into account the occurrences of droughts
34. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to ________.
A. build big lakes to store water
B. construct big pumping stations
C. build small and cheap irrigation systems
D. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
35. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ________.
A. guarantee full protection of the environment
B. centralize the management of water resources
C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels
D. encourage local and regional control of water resources
4.第4部分：阅读理解 第二篇
The Appearance of Woman
All research to date on body image shows that women are much more critical of their appearance than men－much less likely to admire what they see in the mirror. Up to 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection, and more than half may see a distorted image.
Men looking in the mirror are more likely to be either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men generally have a much more positive body image than women－if anything, they may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance.
Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged on their appearance more than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded with images of the "ideal" face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anything short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated that young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.
Also, most women are trying to achieve the impossible: standards of female beauty have in fact become progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 1917, the physically perfect woman was about 5ft 4in tall and weighed nearly 10 stone. Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average woman, now they weigh 23% less. The current media ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female population－and thats just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., its probably more like 1%.
36. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.
A. explain a phenomenon
B. compare two facts
C. make a suggestion
D. strengthen a current theory
37. The difference between men and women when they look into the mirror is that _______.
A. women stay longer before the mirror than men
B. women feel more comfortable about their appearance than men
C. women, more than men, come away from the mirror feeling unsatisfied
D. womens looks before the mirror appear more distorted than mens
38. The phrase "bombarded with" （Para. 3.could best be replaced by _______.
A. denied
B. doubtful of
C. very proud of
D. influenced by
39. Which of the following can be inferred about the physically perfect woman in 1917? _______.
A. She was not very much different from the average woman
B. She was hardly achievable by the female population
C. She looked into the mirror more often than women today
D. She was regarded perfect only in terms of her face
40. Todays perfect woman is achievable, in terms of every physical aspect, by which of the following percentage of the female population? _______.
A. 23
B. 8
C. 5
D. 1
3.第4部分：阅读理解 第一篇
Water
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts （干旱） are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world－if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation （灌溉） water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions （凹地） and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
31. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? ________.
A. Only half of the worlds water can be used.
B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C. Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.
D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
32. As indicated in the passage, the water problem ________.
A. is already serious in certain parts of the world
B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
33. According to the author, the water price should ________.
A. be reduced to the minimum
B. stimulate domestic demand
C. correspond to its real value
D. take into account the occurrences of droughts
34. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to ________.
A. build big lakes to store water
B. construct big pumping stations
C. build small and cheap irrigation systems
D. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
35. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ________.
A. guarantee full protection of the environment
B. centralize the management of water resources
C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels
D. encourage local and regional control of water resources
4.第4部分：阅读理解 第二篇
The Appearance of Woman
All research to date on body image shows that women are much more critical of their appearance than men－much less likely to admire what they see in the mirror. Up to 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection, and more than half may see a distorted image.
Men looking in the mirror are more likely to be either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men generally have a much more positive body image than women－if anything, they may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance.
Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged on their appearance more than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded with images of the "ideal" face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anything short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated that young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.
Also, most women are trying to achieve the impossible: standards of female beauty have in fact become progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 1917, the physically perfect woman was about 5ft 4in tall and weighed nearly 10 stone. Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average woman, now they weigh 23% less. The current media ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female population－and thats just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., its probably more like 1%.
36. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.
A. explain a phenomenon
B. compare two facts
C. make a suggestion
D. strengthen a current theory
37. The difference between men and women when they look into the mirror is that _______.
A. women stay longer before the mirror than men
B. women feel more comfortable about their appearance than men
C. women, more than men, come away from the mirror feeling unsatisfied
D. womens looks before the mirror appear more distorted than mens
38. The phrase "bombarded with" （Para. 3.could best be replaced by _______.
A. denied
B. doubtful of
C. very proud of
D. influenced by
39. Which of the following can be inferred about the physically perfect woman in 1917? _______.
A. She was not very much different from the average woman
B. She was hardly achievable by the female population
C. She looked into the mirror more often than women today
D. She was regarded perfect only in terms of her face
40. Todays perfect woman is achievable, in terms of every physical aspect, by which of the following percentage of the female population? _______.
A. 23
B. 8
C. 5
D. 1
3.第4部分：阅读理解 第一篇
Water
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts （干旱） are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world－if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation （灌溉） water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions （凹地） and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
31. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? ________.
A. Only half of the worlds water can be used.
B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C. Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.
D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
32. As indicated in the passage, the water problem ________.
A. is already serious in certain parts of the world
B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
33. According to the author, the water price should ________.
A. be reduced to the minimum
B. stimulate domestic demand
C. correspond to its real value
D. take into account the occurrences of droughts
34. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to ________.
A. build big lakes to store water
B. construct big pumping stations
C. build small and cheap irrigation systems
D. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
35. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ________.
A. guarantee full protection of the environment
B. centralize the management of water resources
C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels
D. encourage local and regional control of water resources
4.第4部分：阅读理解 第二篇
The Appearance of Woman
All research to date on body image shows that women are much more critical of their appearance than men－much less likely to admire what they see in the mirror. Up to 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection, and more than half may see a distorted image.
Men looking in the mirror are more likely to be either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men generally have a much more positive body image than women－if anything, they may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance.
Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged on their appearance more than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded with images of the "ideal" face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anything short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated that young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.
Also, most women are trying to achieve the impossible: standards of female beauty have in fact become progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 1917, the physically perfect woman was about 5ft 4in tall and weighed nearly 10 stone. Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average woman, now they weigh 23% less. The current media ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female population－and thats just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., its probably more like 1%.
36. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.
A. explain a phenomenon
B. compare two facts
C. make a suggestion
D. strengthen a current theory
37. The difference between men and women when they look into the mirror is that _______.
A. women stay longer before the mirror than men
B. women feel more comfortable about their appearance than men
C. women, more than men, come away from the mirror feeling unsatisfied
D. womens looks before the mirror appear more distorted than mens
38. The phrase "bombarded with" （Para. 3.could best be replaced by _______.
A. denied
B. doubtful of
C. very proud of
D. influenced by
39. Which of the following can be inferred about the physically perfect woman in 1917? _______.
A. She was not very much different from the average woman
B. She was hardly achievable by the female population
C. She looked into the mirror more often than women today
D. She was regarded perfect only in terms of her face
40. Todays perfect woman is achievable, in terms of every physical aspect, by which of the following percentage of the female population? _______.
A. 23
B. 8
C. 5
D. 1
3.第4部分：阅读理解 第一篇
Water
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts （干旱） are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world－if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation （灌溉） water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions （凹地） and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
31. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? ________.
A. Only half of the worlds water can be used.
B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C. Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.
D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
32. As indicated in the passage, the water problem ________.
A. is already serious in certain parts of the world
B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
33. According to the author, the water price should ________.
A. be reduced to the minimum
B. stimulate domestic demand
C. correspond to its real value
D. take into account the occurrences of droughts
34. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to ________.
A. build big lakes to store water
B. construct big pumping stations
C. build small and cheap irrigation systems
D. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
35. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ________.
A. guarantee full protection of the environment
B. centralize the management of water resources
C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels
D. encourage local and regional control of water resources
4.第4部分：阅读理解 第二篇
The Appearance of Woman
All research to date on body image shows that women are much more critical of their appearance than men－much less likely to admire what they see in the mirror. Up to 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection, and more than half may see a distorted image.
Men looking in the mirror are more likely to be either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men generally have a much more positive body image than women－if anything, they may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance.
Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged on their appearance more than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded with images of the "ideal" face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anything short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated that young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.
Also, most women are trying to achieve the impossible: standards of female beauty have in fact become progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 1917, the physically perfect woman was about 5ft 4in tall and weighed nearly 10 stone. Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average woman, now they weigh 23% less. The current media ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female population－and thats just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., its probably more like 1%.
36. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.
A. explain a phenomenon
B. compare two facts
C. make a suggestion
D. strengthen a current theory
37. The difference between men and women when they look into the mirror is that _______.
A. women stay longer before the mirror than men
B. women feel more comfortable about their appearance than men
C. women, more than men, come away from the mirror feeling unsatisfied
D. womens looks before the mirror appear more distorted than mens
38. The phrase "bombarded with" （Para. 3.could best be replaced by _______.
A. denied
B. doubtful of
C. very proud of
D. influenced by
39. Which of the following can be inferred about the physically perfect woman in 1917? _______.
A. She was not very much different from the average woman
B. She was hardly achievable by the female population
C. She looked into the mirror more often than women today
D. She was regarded perfect only in terms of her face
40. Todays perfect woman is achievable, in terms of every physical aspect, by which of the following percentage of the female population? _______.
A. 23
B. 8
C. 5
D. 1
5.第4部分：阅读理解 第三篇
Language
Language is and should be a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less precise. A vivacious, colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness①. The kind of slovenliness in which some professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin② to the cult③ of the unfinished work, which has eroded most of the arts in our time. And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline. You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter.
The corruption of written English has been accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken English. We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen generation or two ago.
The modern theatre has played a baneful part in dimming our appreciation of language. Instead of the immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw （who was also very insistent off good pronunciation）, audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate trivia④, often designed, only too well, to exhibit "lack of communication", and larded with the obscenities and grammatical errors of the intellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech." Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons in how to speak badly, so that she should fit in better.
But the BBC is the worst traitor. After years of very successfully helping to raise the general standard of spoken English, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the pronunciation unit coyly put it: "In the 1960s the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to the latest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbal squalor⑤. And the prospect seems to be of even worse to come. School teachers are actively encouraged to ignore little Johnnys incoherent grammar, atrocious spelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such things might inhibit his creative genius.
Notes：
①slovenliness n. 不修边幅，马虎
②akin a. 同族的，相似的
③cult n. 崇拜
④trivia n. 琐事
⑤squalor n. 肮脏；悲惨
41. The writer relates linguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that both_________.
A. occasionally aim at a certain degree of fluidity
B. from time to time show concern for the finishing touch
C. appear to shun perfection
D. may make use of economical short cuts
42. What does the writer say has happened to spoken English today? ___________.
A. Writing problems are not reflected in poor oral expression.
B. On the whole, people dont mind making mistakes.
C. Educated Englishmen now are less communicative than they were in the past.
D. Like written English, it has undergone a noticeable change for the better.
43. What effect is the modern theatre said to have had on language? ___________.
A. It has become an important factor in reform.
B. It has made us more aware of subtleties in language.
C. It has exerted a welcome and positive influence.
D. It has had a ruinous effect.
44. The author says that the dialogue in Shaws plays is noted for___________.
A. refined presentation of Shaws ideas
B. remarkable outspokenness
C. being outstandingly well expressed
D. insistence on good pronunciation
45. Many modern plays, the author finds, contain speeches which___________.
A. are incoherent and linguistically objectionable
B. are far too difficult for most people to follow
C. unintentionally shock the audience
D. deliberately try to hide the playwrights intellectual inadequacies
6.第5部分：补全短文
Moon Exploration
Many people wonder why some men want to live on the moon. （46） _______. It is a silent place, where the weather is hot and sunny or cold and dark. Its surface is dull and almost colourless. There are no lakes, rivers, or plants to provide beauty. （47） _______. Astronauts on the moon certainly miss the comfort of life on earth. But man has always moved to new frontiers. Every pioneer in a new land has faced danger and hardship.
Some scientists hope that continued work will be done on the moon. Many experiments will be done there more easily. （48） _______. Matter can be heated to very high temperatures without chemical change when it is in a vacuum. Air, dust, and clouds cannot block mans view of space from the mood. The very high or very low temperatures and low gravity on the moon will be used for many experiments. One very important use of the moon will be to launch spacecraft.
Man might be able to learn much about his own body by living on the moon. （49） _______. Man would be in control of the community of life in which he lives. Bacteria could be removed from the air in this community.
Gravity is one thing that would not be under mans control. Some scientists believe the low gravity of the moon would be healthful for man. The heart would not have to work so hard. The body would need less energy to move than it does on the earth. （50） _______. Much exercise would probably be needed to keep the body in good condition.
A. He would be living in a habitat that he made for himself.
B. However, the human body might change during long stays on the moon.
C. But man cannot live there happily and comfortably.
D. It is probably not the kind of place where most men would choose to live.
E. A simple walk on the moons surface is filled with danger.
F. Some large experiments are very easy to do in a vacuum.
7.第6部分：完形填空
Radiation
Space is a （51） ______ place, not only because of meteors but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again （52） ______ our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is （53） ______ for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. （54） ______ kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are （55） ______ to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.
Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have （56） ______ to think that a man can （57） ______ far more radiation than 0.1 rem （58） ______ being damaged; the figure of 60 reins has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage－a person may feel perfectly （59） ______, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be （60） ______, and this will not be discovered （61） ______ the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated a large amount of rems. （62） ______, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite （63） ______. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to （64） ______ the damage done by radiation, but no really （65） ______ ones have been found so far.
Notes：
①meteor n. 流星
②deformed a. 畸形的
51. A. interesting B. dangerous C. safe D. mysterious
52. A. acts as B. is used C. become D. grow
53. A. essential B. pleasant C. critical D. dependent
54. A. All B. Various C. Many D. Much
55. A. harmed B. protected C. exposed D. covered
56. A. reason B. already C. explanation D. excuse
57. A. deal with B. put up with C. cope with D. absorb
58. A. with B. before C. when D. without
59. A. bad B. sick C. well D. safe
60. A. burnt B. damaged C. hurt D. destroyed
61. A. until B. before C. after D. while
62. A. So far B. Now C. However D. But
63. A. long B. difficult C. short D. challenging
64. A. increase B. fall C. solve D. decrease
65. A. effective B. efficient C. reliable D. trustful
5.第4部分：阅读理解 第三篇
Language
Language is and should be a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less precise. A vivacious, colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness①. The kind of slovenliness in which some professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin② to the cult③ of the unfinished work, which has eroded most of the arts in our time. And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline. You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter.
The corruption of written English has been accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken English. We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen generation or two ago.
The modern theatre has played a baneful part in dimming our appreciation of language. Instead of the immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw （who was also very insistent off good pronunciation）, audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate trivia④, often designed, only too well, to exhibit "lack of communication", and larded with the obscenities and grammatical errors of the intellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech." Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons in how to speak badly, so that she should fit in better.
But the BBC is the worst traitor. After years of very successfully helping to raise the general standard of spoken English, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the pronunciation unit coyly put it: "In the 1960s the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to the latest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbal squalor⑤. And the prospect seems to be of even worse to come. School teachers are actively encouraged to ignore little Johnnys incoherent grammar, atrocious spelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such things might inhibit his creative genius.
Notes：
①slovenliness n. 不修边幅，马虎
②akin a. 同族的，相似的
③cult n. 崇拜
④trivia n. 琐事
⑤squalor n. 肮脏；悲惨
41. The writer relates linguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that both_________.
A. occasionally aim at a certain degree of fluidity
B. from time to time show concern for the finishing touch
C. appear to shun perfection
D. may make use of economical short cuts
42. What does the writer say has happened to spoken English today? ___________.
A. Writing problems are not reflected in poor oral expression.
B. On the whole, people dont mind making mistakes.
C. Educated Englishmen now are less communicative than they were in the past.
D. Like written English, it has undergone a noticeable change for the better.
43. What effect is the modern theatre said to have had on language? ___________.
A. It has become an important factor in reform.
B. It has made us more aware of subtleties in language.
C. It has exerted a welcome and positive influence.
D. It has had a ruinous effect.
44. The author says that the dialogue in Shaws plays is noted for___________.
A. refined presentation of Shaws ideas
B. remarkable outspokenness
C. being outstandingly well expressed
D. insistence on good pronunciation
45. Many modern plays, the author finds, contain speeches which___________.
A. are incoherent and linguistically objectionable
B. are far too difficult for most people to follow
C. unintentionally shock the audience
D. deliberately try to hide the playwrights intellectual inadequacies
6.第5部分：补全短文
Moon Exploration
Many people wonder why some men want to live on the moon. （46） _______. It is a silent place, where the weather is hot and sunny or cold and dark. Its surface is dull and almost colourless. There are no lakes, rivers, or plants to provide beauty. （47） _______. Astronauts on the moon certainly miss the comfort of life on earth. But man has always moved to new frontiers. Every pioneer in a new land has faced danger and hardship.
Some scientists hope that continued work will be done on the moon. Many experiments will be done there more easily. （48） _______. Matter can be heated to very high temperatures without chemical change when it is in a vacuum. Air, dust, and clouds cannot block mans view of space from the mood. The very high or very low temperatures and low gravity on the moon will be used for many experiments. One very important use of the moon will be to launch spacecraft.
Man might be able to learn much about his own body by living on the moon. （49） _______. Man would be in control of the community of life in which he lives. Bacteria could be removed from the air in this community.
Gravity is one thing that would not be under mans control. Some scientists believe the low gravity of the moon would be healthful for man. The heart would not have to work so hard. The body would need less energy to move than it does on the earth. （50） _______. Much exercise would probably be needed to keep the body in good condition.
A. He would be living in a habitat that he made for himself.
B. However, the human body might change during long stays on the moon.
C. But man cannot live there happily and comfortably.
D. It is probably not the kind of place where most men would choose to live.
E. A simple walk on the moons surface is filled with danger.
F. Some large experiments are very easy to do in a vacuum.
7.第6部分：完形填空
Radiation
Space is a （51） ______ place, not only because of meteors but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again （52） ______ our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is （53） ______ for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. （54） ______ kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are （55） ______ to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.
Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have （56） ______ to think that a man can （57） ______ far more radiation than 0.1 rem （58） ______ being damaged; the figure of 60 reins has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage－a person may feel perfectly （59） ______, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be （60） ______, and this will not be discovered （61） ______ the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated a large amount of rems. （62） ______, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite （63） ______. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to （64） ______ the damage done by radiation, but no really （65） ______ ones have been found so far.
Notes：
①meteor n. 流星
②deformed a. 畸形的
51. A. interesting B. dangerous C. safe D. mysterious
52. A. acts as B. is used C. become D. grow
53. A. essential B. pleasant C. critical D. dependent
54. A. All B. Various C. Many D. Much
55. A. harmed B. protected C. exposed D. covered
56. A. reason B. already C. explanation D. excuse
57. A. deal with B. put up with C. cope with D. absorb
58. A. with B. before C. when D. without
59. A. bad B. sick C. well D. safe
60. A. burnt B. damaged C. hurt D. destroyed
61. A. until B. before C. after D. while
62. A. So far B. Now C. However D. But
63. A. long B. difficult C. short D. challenging
64. A. increase B. fall C. solve D. decrease
65. A. effective B. efficient C. reliable D. trustful
3.第4部分：阅读理解 第一篇
Water
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts （干旱） are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world－if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation （灌溉） water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions （凹地） and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
31. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? ________.
A. Only half of the worlds water can be used.
B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C. Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.
D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
32. As indicated in the passage, the water problem ________.
A. is already serious in certain parts of the world
B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
33. According to the author, the water price should ________.
A. be reduced to the minimum
B. stimulate domestic demand
C. correspond to its real value
D. take into account the occurrences of droughts
34. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to ________.
A. build big lakes to store water
B. construct big pumping stations
C. build small and cheap irrigation systems
D. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
35. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ________.
A. guarantee full protection of the environment
B. centralize the management of water resources
C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels
D. encourage local and regional control of water resources
4.第4部分：阅读理解 第二篇
The Appearance of Woman
All research to date on body image shows that women are much more critical of their appearance than men－much less likely to admire what they see in the mirror. Up to 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection, and more than half may see a distorted image.
Men looking in the mirror are more likely to be either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men generally have a much more positive body image than women－if anything, they may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance.
Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged on their appearance more than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded with images of the "ideal" face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anything short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated that young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.
Also, most women are trying to achieve the impossible: standards of female beauty have in fact become progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 1917, the physically perfect woman was about 5ft 4in tall and weighed nearly 10 stone. Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average woman, now they weigh 23% less. The current media ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female population－and thats just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., its probably more like 1%.
36. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.
A. explain a phenomenon
B. compare two facts
C. make a suggestion
D. strengthen a current theory
37. The difference between men and women when they look into the mirror is that _______.
A. women stay longer before the mirror than men
B. women feel more comfortable about their appearance than men
C. women, more than men, come away from the mirror feeling unsatisfied
D. womens looks before the mirror appear more distorted than mens
38. The phrase "bombarded with" （Para. 3.could best be replaced by _______.
A. denied
B. doubtful of
C. very proud of
D. influenced by
39. Which of the following can be inferred about the physically perfect woman in 1917? _______.
A. She was not very much different from the average woman
B. She was hardly achievable by the female population
C. She looked into the mirror more often than women today
D. She was regarded perfect only in terms of her face
40. Todays perfect woman is achievable, in terms of every physical aspect, by which of the following percentage of the female population? _______.
A. 23
B. 8
C. 5
D. 1
3.第4部分：阅读理解 第一篇
Water
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts （干旱） are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world－if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation （灌溉） water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions （凹地） and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
31. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? ________.
A. Only half of the worlds water can be used.
B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C. Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.
D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
32. As indicated in the passage, the water problem ________.
A. is already serious in certain parts of the world
B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
33. According to the author, the water price should ________.
A. be reduced to the minimum
B. stimulate domestic demand
C. correspond to its real value
D. take into account the occurrences of droughts
34. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to ________.
A. build big lakes to store water
B. construct big pumping stations
C. build small and cheap irrigation systems
D. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
35. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ________.
A. guarantee full protection of the environment
B. centralize the management of water resources
C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels
D. encourage local and regional control of water resources
4.第4部分：阅读理解 第二篇
The Appearance of Woman
All research to date on body image shows that women are much more critical of their appearance than men－much less likely to admire what they see in the mirror. Up to 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection, and more than half may see a distorted image.
Men looking in the mirror are more likely to be either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men generally have a much more positive body image than women－if anything, they may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance.
Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged on their appearance more than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded with images of the "ideal" face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anything short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated that young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.
Also, most women are trying to achieve the impossible: standards of female beauty have in fact become progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 1917, the physically perfect woman was about 5ft 4in tall and weighed nearly 10 stone. Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average woman, now they weigh 23% less. The current media ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female population－and thats just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., its probably more like 1%.
36. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.
A. explain a phenomenon
B. compare two facts
C. make a suggestion
D. strengthen a current theory
37. The difference between men and women when they look into the mirror is that _______.
A. women stay longer before the mirror than men
B. women feel more comfortable about their appearance than men
C. women, more than men, come away from the mirror feeling unsatisfied
D. womens looks before the mirror appear more distorted than mens
38. The phrase "bombarded with" （Para. 3.could best be replaced by _______.
A. denied
B. doubtful of
C. very proud of
D. influenced by
39. Which of the following can be inferred about the physically perfect woman in 1917? _______.
A. She was not very much different from the average woman
B. She was hardly achievable by the female population
C. She looked into the mirror more often than women today
D. She was regarded perfect only in terms of her face
40. Todays perfect woman is achievable, in terms of every physical aspect, by which of the following percentage of the female population? _______.
A. 23
B. 8
C. 5
D. 1
3.第4部分：阅读理解 第一篇
Water
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts （干旱） are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world－if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation （灌溉） water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions （凹地） and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
31. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? ________.
A. Only half of the worlds water can be used.
B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C. Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.
D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
32. As indicated in the passage, the water problem ________.
A. is already serious in certain parts of the world
B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
33. According to the author, the water price should ________.
A. be reduced to the minimum
B. stimulate domestic demand
C. correspond to its real value
D. take into account the occurrences of droughts
34. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to ________.
A. build big lakes to store water
B. construct big pumping stations
C. build small and cheap irrigation systems
D. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
35. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ________.
A. guarantee full protection of the environment
B. centralize the management of water resources
C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels
D. encourage local and regional control of water resources
4.第4部分：阅读理解 第二篇
The Appearance of Woman
All research to date on body image shows that women are much more critical of their appearance than men－much less likely to admire what they see in the mirror. Up to 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection, and more than half may see a distorted image.
Men looking in the mirror are more likely to be either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men generally have a much more positive body image than women－if anything, they may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance.
Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged on their appearance more than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded with images of the "ideal" face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anything short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated that young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.
Also, most women are trying to achieve the impossible: standards of female beauty have in fact become progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 1917, the physically perfect woman was about 5ft 4in tall and weighed nearly 10 stone. Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average woman, now they weigh 23% less. The current media ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female population－and thats just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., its probably more like 1%.
36. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.
A. explain a phenomenon
B. compare two facts
C. make a suggestion
D. strengthen a current theory
37. The difference between men and women when they look into the mirror is that _______.
A. women stay longer before the mirror than men
B. women feel more comfortable about their appearance than men
C. women, more than men, come away from the mirror feeling unsatisfied
D. womens looks before the mirror appear more distorted than mens
38. The phrase "bombarded with" （Para. 3.could best be replaced by _______.
A. denied
B. doubtful of
C. very proud of
D. influenced by
39. Which of the following can be inferred about the physically perfect woman in 1917? _______.
A. She was not very much different from the average woman
B. She was hardly achievable by the female population
C. She looked into the mirror more often than women today
D. She was regarded perfect only in terms of her face
40. Todays perfect woman is achievable, in terms of every physical aspect, by which of the following percentage of the female population? _______.
A. 23
B. 8
C. 5
D. 1
3.第4部分：阅读理解 第一篇
Water
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts （干旱） are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world－if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation （灌溉） water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions （凹地） and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
31. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? ________.
A. Only half of the worlds water can be used.
B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C. Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.
D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
32. As indicated in the passage, the water problem ________.
A. is already serious in certain parts of the world
B. has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
33. According to the author, the water price should ________.
A. be reduced to the minimum
B. stimulate domestic demand
C. correspond to its real value
D. take into account the occurrences of droughts
34. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to ________.
A. build big lakes to store water
B. construct big pumping stations
C. build small and cheap irrigation systems
D. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
35. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ________.
A. guarantee full protection of the environment
B. centralize the management of water resources
C. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels
D. encourage local and regional control of water resources
4.第4部分：阅读理解 第二篇
The Appearance of Woman
All research to date on body image shows that women are much more critical of their appearance than men－much less likely to admire what they see in the mirror. Up to 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection, and more than half may see a distorted image.
Men looking in the mirror are more likely to be either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men generally have a much more positive body image than women－if anything, they may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance.
Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged on their appearance more than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded with images of the "ideal" face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anything short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated that young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.
Also, most women are trying to achieve the impossible: standards of female beauty have in fact become progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 1917, the physically perfect woman was about 5ft 4in tall and weighed nearly 10 stone. Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average woman, now they weigh 23% less. The current media ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female population－and thats just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., its probably more like 1%.
36. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.
A. explain a phenomenon
B. compare two facts
C. make a suggestion
D. strengthen a current theory
37. The difference between men and women when they look into the mirror is that _______.
A. women stay longer before the mirror than men
B. women feel more comfortable about their appearance than men
C. women, more than men, come away from the mirror feeling unsatisfied
D. womens looks before the mirror appear more distorted than mens
38. The phrase "bombarded with" （Para. 3.could best be replaced by _______.
A. denied
B. doubtful of
C. very proud of
D. influenced by
39. Which of the following can be inferred about the physically perfect woman in 1917? _______.
A. She was not very much different from the average woman
B. She was hardly achievable by the female population
C. She looked into the mirror more often than women today
D. She was regarded perfect only in terms of her face
40. Todays perfect woman is achievable, in terms of every physical aspect, by which of the following percentage of the female population? _______.
A. 23
B. 8
C. 5
D. 1
https://m.shkuanshun.cn/yingyuleikaoshi/2597/
推荐访问:职称英语理工类a词汇